The differences between your System Info and mine are in the hardware.I don't see how these can influence the running of a second app from a menu item. Besides, I also have Premiere Pro CC 1024 and After Effects CC 1024 installed and have no problem running Bridge from these apps.
I notice that you have 3 versions of PS installed. I find it hard to believe that I have to install 3 versions of same app so that I can call Bridge!
However, I do thank you for your trouble.
I suspect that I may have a mis-entry in the Windows Registry somewhere. If an expert in these matters could help, I surely would appreciate it.
Paul